BHK-21 Cell Lines: Essential Tools for High-Yield Virus Vaccine Production

21, Jan 2026

BHK-21 cells remain one of the most reliable and scalable mammalian cell lines in global vaccine manufacturing. Originally derived from the kidneys of juvenile hamsters, BHK-21 cells have developed a strong reputation for robust growth, adaptability to suspension culture, and high virus productivity. Today, they are widely used across veterinary vaccine industries, particularly for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), pseudorabies, Newcastle disease, bovine epidemic fever, and several other economically significant livestock viruses.

As vaccine manufacturers move toward higher efficiency, lower cost per dose, and more consistent production performance, the demand for specialised BHK-21 culture media continues to rise. This is where the BHK media series, designed specifically for BHK-21 cells, becomes essential—offering scalable, serum-free, animal-component-free solutions optimised for both upstream growth and downstream virus production.

Why BHK-21 Cells Are a Cornerstone of Veterinary Vaccine Manufacturing

1. Strong Adaptability to Suspension Culture

Compared with other mammalian lines, BHK-21 cells adapt exceptionally well to high-density suspension culture. This enables vaccine producers to scale up viral production using bioreactors rather than traditional adherent systems, significantly reducing space, labour and scaling costs.

Typical suspension density:

  • 4–8 × 10⁶ cells/mL (with optimised serum-free media)

  • Higher densities are achievable with feeding strategies and virus production enhancers

2. High Virus Productivity

BHK-21 is one of the preferred host cell lines for:

  • Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)

  • Pseudorabies virus (PRV)

  • Newcastle disease virus (NDV)

  • Bovine ephemeral fever virus

Producers consistently report:

  • Higher titers compared with Vero or PK-15 cells for certain veterinary viruses

  • Shorter production cycles, improving facility throughput
  •  Stable viral expression levels across multiple culture passages

BHK-21 Cell Lines: Essential Tools for High-Yield Virus Vaccine Production

3. Regulatory Acceptance

BHK-21 cells have decades of documented safety, making them widely accepted by global regulatory bodies. This helps minimise approval delays and reduces the burden of validation during commercial manufacturing.

The BHK Media Series: Purpose-Built for High-Density, High-Efficiency Production

To maximise the potential of BHK-21 cells, their culture environment must provide balanced nutrients, stable osmolality, and minimal variability. The BHK series has been formulated specifically for these needs—optimising cell growth, enhancing virus output, and supporting seamless scale-up.

Below is a breakdown of each product and how it supports the vaccine manufacturing process.

1. BHK LSM 361 — Low Serum Medium (Dry Powder)

Best for: Cell expansion and virus production during early-stage culture

Low serum media helps reduce production costs while maintaining consistent performance.
Benefits:

  • Lower dependence on FBS, reducing variability and contamination risk

  • Supports robust cell proliferation

  • Improves adaptability when transitioning toward serum-free systems

  • Ensures sustainable virus yields during infection stages

This medium is ideal for facilities gradually reducing serum levels without compromising process performance.

2. BHK SFM 1385 — Serum-Free, Animal-Component-Free Medium

Best for: Large-scale, regulatory-compliant suspension culture

Serum-free media are now preferred across advanced vaccine manufacturers due to cost, consistency and biosafety requirements.

Key features:

  • Eliminates all animal-derived raw materials

  • Minimises regulatory constraints and adventitious agent concerns

  • Promotes high-density suspension growth

  • Consistently supports high virus titers

  • Ideal for FMDV, PRV, NDV and similar veterinary viruses

Facilities switching from serum-based to animal-component-free processes often report significantly improved batch-to-batch reliability.

3. BHK SFM 1396 — Enhanced Serum-Free Medium (Dry Powder)

Best for: Ultra-high-density cultures and industrial bioreactor production

This advanced formulation is engineered for peak cell viability and optimal metabolic performance in long-duration runs.

Advantages:

  • Achieves higher peak cell densities than conventional SFM

  • Reduces lactate and ammonia accumulation

  • Enables shorter doubling times

  • Supports consistent virus productivity even at high MOI infections

This is ideal for facilities targeting process intensification or high-throughput manufacturing.

4. BHK PM 835 — Post-Inoculation Maintenance Medium

Best for: Virus amplification after cell infection

Once viral inoculation has occurred, the focus shifts from rapid cell growth to creating the optimal metabolic environment for viral replication.

Key functions:

  • Maintains stable cell activity during infection

  • Reduces nutrient waste accumulation

  • Enhances viral replication kinetics

  • Supports higher final virus titers

Using a dedicated maintenance medium provides better control over the infection phase—leading to more predictable virus yields.

5. Virus Production Enhancers — Feed F & Feed V (10000X Liquid)

A powerful way to boost productivity, especially during high-density fermentations.

Feed F and Feed V offer:

  • Improved metabolic balance for infected cells

  • Enhanced expression of virus-related proteins

  • Increased virus titers (often 1.5×–3× depending on virus type)

  • Better recovery of viral antigen

  • Reduced variability across production batches

These 10000X feeds integrate seamlessly into existing production processes and are suitable for both serum-free and low-serum systems.

How the BHK Series Supports Modern Vaccine Manufacturing

Cost Reduction

Serum-free and low-serum formulations significantly reduce raw material costs and quality risks.

Scalability

Dry-powder formats are ideal for large-volume downstream preparation and long-term storage.

Regulatory Compliance

Animal-component-free media simplify global compliance for GMP facilities.

Higher Yields

Combined growth/maintenance systems and targeted feeding strategies help maximise viral titers while maintaining process stability.

BHK-21 cells remain a foundational platform for veterinary virus vaccine production, and the specialised BHK media series ensures that manufacturers can achieve peak performance—from rapid cell expansion to final virus harvest. With low-serum options, fully serum-free formulations, dedicated post-infection maintenance media, and high-efficiency virus production enhancers, the BHK series provides a complete, scalable, and compliant solution for modern bioprocessing.

For Further Enquiry Contact- sales@copure.com.au 

Share: